SUMMER
2000 Issue of UPDATE -Text-only version [Return
to Publications]
Message from the Director
In
every edition of the UPDATE, we report on
efforts to protect and restore Long Island Sound. It is
important for us to assess, on an ongoing basis, just
how effective these efforts have been. Is the water
cleaner and safer to swim in? Are contaminant
concentrations decreasing? Are habitats being protected
and restored? Are the fish and shellfish more abundant
(and safe to eat)? Just what is the state of the
ecological resources of Long Island Sound? Under a new
initiative, the Long Island Sound Study is working to
develop indicators of the health of the Sound to answer
these kinds of questions.
Everyone is familiar with
the use of indicators. Inflation, unemployment rates,
factory orders, new home construction, consumer
spending, the gross domestic product‑ these are a few of
the indicators that economists use to gauge the health
of the economy and to guide management of it. We
wouldn't think of trying to manage the economy without
having this kind of publicly accessible and easily
understood data on the economy's performance. We need a
similarly developed set of indicators to gauge the
health of Long Island Sound (which is at least as
complex as the economy). The concept, borrowed from
industry quality improvement initiatives, is that you
can't improve what you don't measure.
To start with, the LISS is
using data that are currently available from federal,
state, and other databases. These data will be
summarized, from a soundwide perspective, into a State
of the Sound report. The indicators can provide insight
into the effectiveness of the hundreds of millions of
dollars being invested to restore the Sound. The first
State of the Sound report will be made available online
through the LISS web site www.epa.gov/region01/eco/lis
this fall, along with a summary report printed in
tabloid newspaper format.
Trying to succinctly
summarize the health of a body of water 120 miles in
length and with a surface area of 1,268 square miles is
not without risk. Short sound bites (no pun intended)
cannot capture the geographic variability of Long Island
Sound. In addition, good news (reductions in nitrogen
and toxic contaminant discharges) and bad news (a
troubling die‑off of lobsters) are part of the same
complex story. But putting the pieces side by side can
help us better appreciate the complexity of the Sound
and force us to think about the links between them. I
hope that an added value of the effort will be a
discussion of the gaps in existing monitoring programs
that prevent an adequate assessment of status and
trends.
The Long Island Sound
indicators highlighted in this newsletter are just a
sample of the indicators that are being developed. Many
other ecosystem restoration programs, including
Chesapeake Bay, New York‑New Jersey Harbor, Delaware
Bay, and Puget Sound to name a few, are also actively
developing and using indicators to gauge the health of
their estuaries. The article by Dr. John Paul highlights
the research supported by the EPA's Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) to develop the
science behind indicators and develop a comprehensive
monitoring program to assess the condition of our
coastal waters. Both Connecticut and New York are
participating in that effort, which will further expand
the basis for assessing the health of Long Island Sound.
Mark
Tedesco
CAC Corner
by
John Atkin
In 1998 the Long Island
Sound Study's Habitat Restoration Initiative Team (LISHRI)
developed a list of over 400 potential sites of
restoration around the Sound. The list included all
types of restoration, from tidal wetland restoration to
beach and dune plantings, to installing anadromous fish
passages in riverine migratory corridors.
One example of efforts
being pursued is an anadromous fish passage on the
Rippowam/Mill River in Stamford, CT. This project,
coordinated by Save the Sound, with input from a
steering committee, will allow the restoration of
ancestral runs of anadromous fish by passing over the
first blockage, the Main Street Dam in downtown
Stamford. This will open up seven miles of river and
directly benefit several fish species, particularly
alewife, blueback herring, and sea‑run brown trout. It
could also potentially benefit sea lamprey, and would
provide secondary benefits to other fish and wildlife
such as striped bass, bluefish, osprey, waterfowl, and
wading birds that feed on the species using the fish
passage.
The project is funded by
NOAA, The Pew Charitable Trusts, and Trout Unlimited.
The steering committee, still in formation, includes:
the City of Stamford, CT DEP, NOAA/National Marine
Fisheries Service Restoration Center, SoundWaters, the
Environmental Council of Stamford, and the League of
Women Voters of Stamford.
The public will be able to
view the fishway as part of Stamford's Mill River
Corridor Revitalization Plan, and learn more about the
river and its living resources through interpretive
signs on the history of the river and dam, the biology
of the river and the targeted species, and the purpose
of the fishway. Over the next 10‑12 months the design
and permitting will take place with construction slated
for the summer of 2001.
The States and New York
City have been very active in scores of habitat
restoration projects around the Sound, such as this
fishway, large tidal wetland restorations, beach and
dune plantings, and others. However, funding as always,
remains a major impediment to more of these projects
being completed. LISHRI set a goal of restoring 2000
acres and 100 river miles by 2008, a goal that can only
be attained, and hopefully surpassed, by finding more
funding.
Pending before the US
Congress are two critical pieces of legislation that
would provide funding to the states to enable them to
embark on more restoration projects. One, the Estuary
Bill sponsored by the late Senator John Chafee (RI) has
already passed the Senate unanimously, and is awaiting
House action. The bill would provide tens of millions of
dollars annually for estuarine restoration projects
across the country. The second, the Conservation and
Reinvestment Act (CARA) bill, would provide
approximately $100 million to New York State and $25
million to Connecticut for coastal land acquisition and
restoration projects. If these two critical acts pass in
this session, both the states of New York and
Connecticut would benefit and be able to restore more
vital habitat within the Sound's ecosystem.
John Atkin is the Connecticut co‑chair of the Citizen
Advisory Committee and is the president of Save the
Sound, Inc. in Stamford, CT and Glen Cove, NY.
Coming Soon!
In recognition of the 15th
anniversary of the Long Island Sound Study, the Long
Island Sound Study partners, the Connecticut DEP, New
York DEC, and the EPA are preparing the first State of
the Sound report.
Sound Health 2000 ‑ Status
and Trends in the Health of Long Island Sound draws from
data provided by several agencies, universities, and
municipal programs. It will provide a snapshot of
current conditions and trends in the Sound and draw
information collected from key indicators. This is a
summary of a more comprehensive indicator report which
will appear on the Long Island Sound web site
www.epa.gov/region01/eco/lis later this year. It will
highlight water quality conditions in the Sound, the
status of its living resources and trends in land use
and development, helping us to assess the effectiveness
of efforts to deal with issues such as nitrogen
pollution, sediment contamination, habitat restoration,
and the health and abundance of living resources.
The Long Island Sound
Study partners believe that the Sound and many of its
living resources have come a long way since the 1970s.
We hope the release of Sound Health 2000 will pique the
reader's interest in further exploring Long Island Sound
and its watershed and in making changes in personal
habits and practices that will further help the clean‑up
effort.
The following pages have
just a few of the indicators that will be in Sound
Health 2000. If your organization has more information
on any of these indicators, please contact Rosemary
Pastor at 203.977.1541 or by E‑mail
pastor.rosemary@snet.net
Indicators and Estuarine Monitoring
by
Dr. John Paul
When the topic is
monitoring, discussion is almost certain to move to
indicators. This term is commonly used but is sometimes
misunderstood. In its simplest form, an indicator is a
sign or signal that relays a complex message in a
simplified or useful manner. As applied to estuaries
such as Long Island Sound, an indicator reflects
physical, chemical, and/or biological attributes of the
estuarine condition. This seems quite straightforward
until we focus on telling us something about estuarine
condition. How do we know that our indicators are
giving us the information we think that they should?
US EPA's Office of
Research and Development (ORD) has developed a technical
reference document to help researchers and environmental
managers in the selection and development of ecological
indicators for monitoring environmental condition. The
draft document, Evaluation Guidelines for Ecological
Indicators, is an expansion upon previous efforts by
ORD's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)
to advance the science of environmental monitoring and
assessment. It presents a standardized set of
considerations for ecological indicators. Copies of this
document can be obtained through www.epa.gov/html/pubs/resdocs.
The National Coastal
Assessment (also known as Coastal 2000) is a five‑year
effort led by US EPA's ORD and is a partnership with the
coastal states. Its purpose is to evaluate the
assessment methods ORD has developed to advance the
science of ecosystem condition monitoring. This program
is intended to survey the condition of the Nation's
coastal resources (estuaries and coastal waters) by
creating an integrated, comprehensive coastal monitoring
program to assess coastal ecological condition. The
program initiated in the years 2000‑2001 is for
estuarine waters. A common set of estuarine indicators
are measured by the program partners, allowing for
comparison of conditions at various spatial scales.
The foundation for Coastal
2000 is EMAP's indicator program and process for sample
site selection and the ongoing estuarine monitoring
conducted by the states. An example of a local state
program is the Connecticut Department of Environmental
Protection's Long Island Sound Ambient Water Quality
Monitoring Program. Coastal 2000 will supplement the
water quality monitoring at the state's sampling sites
with samples for sediment and fish quality.
The Coastal 2000 strategy
is based upon four types of indicators:
Biotic Condition Indicators: These are
characteristics of the environment that provide
quantitative evidence of the status of ecological
resources and biotic integrity. These measurements
quantify the integrated response of the estuarine
resource to individual and multiple stressors. Examples
include chlorophyll‑a concentration, community
parameters for benthic organisms and fish and shellfish,
incidence of gross pathology or disease, and
contaminants in organisms.
Exposure Indicators: These provide measures of the
magnitude and extent of pollution exposure. Measures of
potential pollutant exposure include physical, chemical,
and biological parameters that quantify pollution
exposure, habitat degradation, or other causes of
degraded ecological condition. Examples include
dissolved oxygen concentrations, sediment toxicity, and
sediment contaminant concentrations.
Habitat Indicators: These describe the physical,
chemical, and biological conditions of sample sites and
provide basic information about the overall
environmental setting. Examples include depth, salinity,
temperature, sediment characteristics (such as grain
size and moisture content), pH, and water clarity.
Habitat indicators are frequently used to normalize
exposure and response indicators across natural
environmental gradients. For example, the number of
species are normalized across salinity gradients.
Stressor Indicators: These are economic, social,
engineering, and landscape measures that can be used to
estimate pollutant loadings to estuarine waters and to
identify their sources. Examples include land use
patterns, point source discharges, freshwater inflows,
and pesticide use across a watershed.
The states of Connecticut
and New York are collecting samples from Long Island
Sound this summer for a suite of indicators of water
quality, sediment quality, and biota quality in
conjunction with Coastal 2000. These indicators will be
evaluated and reported on for the Sound by the states
and EPA ORD within the next year or so.
Dr. John Paul works at the Office of Research and
Development for the US Environmental Protection Agency.
The material in this article was drawn from the draft
documents "Evaluation Guidelines for Ecological
Indicators" and "Coastal 2000 ‑ A National Coastal
Survey, Strategy for Implementation (2000‑2004)."
INDICATOR: Lobster Harvest
status
Until their recent
die‑off, the American lobster was one of the most
important and valuable seafood products harvested in New
York and Connecticut. Long Island Sound’s lobster
fishery was the third largest lobster market in the
country behind Maine and Massachusetts. Earning a
dockside value in New York alone of over $29 million in
1998 according to National Marine Fisheries Service
statistics, the lobster catch was greater than the value
of all finfish combined in 1996, 1997, and 1998.
The current state of New
York‑Connecticut's Long Island Sound lobster industry
may be in question, though. For the third time in the
past two years, diseases that kill aquatic life have
ripped through important underwater crops adjacent to
Long Island. In 1997 and 1998, it was oysters and clams.
In 1999, it was lobsters.
trends
Lobster fishermen and
dealers began reporting dead and dying lobsters in their
lobster pot gear in the western half of Long Island
Sound in mid‑September of 1999. By November it was clear
that the die‑off was unprecedented in scope and
catastrophic to the lobster fishery. To make matters
worse, over the past few years, the incidence of shell
disease, in which bacteria forms a black mass that rots
through the shell, had increased in lobsters from
eastern Long Island Sound. The situation caused the US
Secretary of Commerce to declare the Long Island Sound
lobster fishery a disaster in January 2000.
Scientists are unsure
what’s causing the lobsters to die in the western Sound,
but University of Connecticut scientists found that the
affected lobsters all had the same protozoan parasite
called Paramoeba. Part of solving the “big
picture” in the lobster mystery will be to research
whether changes in weather or climate conditions such as
storms or average temperature fluctuations, pollutants
in the water or sediments, hypoxia (lack of oxygen),
dietary change, or management practices such as dredging
could have weakened the animals so that they became
susceptible to disease and parasites. At this time, the
long‑term effect on the surviving lobster population of
the losses due to Paramoeba and shell disease is
not known, nor is the effect on the structure of the
Long Island Sound ecosystem as a whole. Workshops were
held in April and May to determine research priorities
and to document the lobstermen's observations during the
die‑off. For more information visit the web site
www.seagrant.sunysb.edu/pages/LILobsters.htm
Money to Research the Cause and Support the Fishers
The government has
responded to the lobster die‑off in Long Island Sound.
In the near term, the US Environmental Protection Agency
has provided a $121,000 grant to monitor the Sound and
Dr. Richard French was awarded $98,097 from the Long
Island Sound Study to research diseases in
lobsters. In addition, Congress has appropriated $13.9
million in assistance, of which, $7.3 million will go to
the harvesters to pay off boat loans, replace equipment,
and make transitions to other jobs, and $6.6 million
will go for more comprehensive research. Governor John
G. Rowland of Connecticut has also announced $1 million
to study the recent lobster die‑off. These funds will
support a Long Island Sound Research Fund to document
water quality conditions and to study lobster abundance
and health during the fall of 2000. The Marine Sciences
Research Center at the State University of Stony Brook
received $1 million from the New York State Legislature
to establish a Long Island Marine Disease and Pathology
Research Consortium. The Center will provide animal
disease research on fish and shellfish and work closely
with the State Department of Environmental Conservation.
INDICATOR: Coastal Bird Abundance
While gulls may be the
most obvious coastal birds, numerous other species are
also found along the shore, taking advantage of Long
Island Sound’s abundant animal and plant life. Bird
populations in and near the Sound vary seasonally. In
winter, birders delight in large concentrations of
waterfowl and other water birds. Mergansers, scaup,
scoter, mallards, black ducks, loons, cormorants, and
Canada geese are among the waterfowl commonly seen along
the coast in winter.
Spring brings the annual
migration of a wide variety of plovers, terns,
sandpipers, waterfowl, and songbirds. During the summer
months, birds are busy tending their nests and young.
Fall, once again, brings masses of birds migrating along
the coast on their way to southern wintering grounds.
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)
status
Ospreys are fish‑eating
birds of prey that live throughout the world. The
availability of fish, water conditions, and health of
the environment directly contribute to the health,
reproduction, and nesting success of the Sound’s osprey
population. As predators that are high in the food web,
ospreys are important indicators of the health and
integrity of the Sound.
trends
The osprey population
around Long Island Sound fell sharply during the 1950s
and 1960s due to effects of pesticides, particularly
DDT. Since the ban on DDT during the 1970s and the
placement of nesting platforms in wetlands all along the
Sound, the osprey population has been making a recovery.
From 1997‑99 osprey nesting sites have continued to
increase.
Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus)
status
Piping plovers are
thrush‑sized shorebirds that nest on beaches, often with
least terns. Nests are frequently destroyed by human
intrusion, storm tides, and predators. Also important is
the productivity of the piping plover nesting sites.
Sometimes piping plovers will occupy a potential nesting
area, but fail to reproduce. Typical causes of failure
of piping plover pairs to successfully mate include:
human disturbances, storms, and predation. The piping
plover was given federal threatened species status in
1986.
trends
Since protection and
monitoring efforts began in 1984, nesting success has
improved, resulting in more returning adults in
subsequent years. The slight decline in nesting birds in
Connecticut might be a function of the birds’ mobility:
the population has been increasing regionally,
suggesting that some of Connecticut’s plovers might have
moved to other locations.
Least Terns (Sterna antillarum)
status
The least terns is likely
to be seen in the Sound from May to early August. They
were hunted to near extinction for the hat trade in the
1800s. The numbers rebounded after hunting was banned.
More recently, disturbances, loss of habitat, and
habitat degradation are affecting the population of
least terns in the Long Island Sound area.
trends
The least tern population
has fluctuated during the last fifteen years with
relatively lower numbers present during the late
1980s/early 1990s. Least terns have been on the rebound
from an all‑time low of 610 birds in 1993.
INDICATOR: Contaminant Trends
Potentially toxic
substances, both naturally‑occurring and
human‑generated, can cause adverse ecosystem or human
health risks when exceeding certain concentrations. They
include trace metals (chromium, copper, lead, mercury,
silver, arsenic, zinc) and organic compounds such as
PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), PCBs, and
pesticides (such as DDT, chlordane, and atrazine). These
toxic chemicals enter Long Island Sound from sources
such as manufacturing processes, household cleaning and
pest control products, automobile exhausts, and
emissions from fossil fuel power plants. Stormwater
pipes carry contaminants washed from roads, parking
lots, disturbed land, and construction sites. Rivers and
streams transport contaminants from the watershed into
Long Island Sound.
Many contaminants become associated with
particles suspended in the water. These particles then
settle to the bottom, accumulating the contaminants in
higher concentrations in the sediments than in the
overlying waters. Different areas accumulate sediments
and associated contaminants differently. Areas of weak
currents, large sediment inputs, and little sediment
reworking accumulate more contaminants. Areas where
strong bottom currents stir up the bottom tend to have
less sediment accumulation and lower contaminant
concentrations.
As particles settle to the
bottom of the Sound, they create a reservoir of
contaminants that can harm marine life living or feeding
near sediments. Fish and shellfish can, in turn,
accumulate toxins, posing a human health risk. Public
health advisories are published to inform consumers,
especially those in a high risk group, about potential
risks from eating large amounts of specific types of
seafood that contain higher chemical levels.
Humans have used Long
Island Sound as a resource and a disposal site since
industrialization began. Measurable quantities of
contaminants exist in sediments dating back to the
mid‑1800s. Quantities for some have increased over time,
new contaminants have been added, and amounts of some
have decreased in response to regulatory action. Today,
the major sources of toxic chemicals to Long Island
Sound are municipal sewage treatment plants (STPs),
industrial discharges, and urban stormwater. The major
source of mercury is atmospheric deposition. Federal and
state programs strive to reduce toxic chemical
discharges to the Sound and to minimize the toxicity of
effluents from sewage treatment plants and industries.
Contaminant Levels in Mussels
status
Since 1986, NOAA National
Status & Trend’s (NS&T) Mussel Watch Program has
monitored chemical contaminants in bivalve mollusks. In
Long Island Sound, the blue mussel is an excellent
organism for this type of monitoring. Blue mussels live
on the sea bottom, are immobile, and filter large
volumes of water. Therefore, it is an excellent
indicator of water and sediment quality near the sea
floor. Concentrations of chemicals in mussels are
related to the levels of chemicals in the water that
they inhabit and in the food that they filter from the
water. When chemical concentrations increase or decrease
in the water and in food sources, concentrations
increase or decrease in mussels.
trends
On the whole, the levels
of metals (copper, nickel, lead, and zinc) and organics
in mussels have declined. Contamination is decreasing at
many sites for chemicals whose use has been banned
(chlordane, DDT, PCBs), or severely curtailed (cadmium).
The LISS continues to work
on reducing toxic effluents to the Sound from sewage
treatment plants and industries. This effort is
resulting in decreases in levels of many metals and
organic contaminants in sediments and living resources
of Long Island Sound.
Dredging Update
An Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS) is being developed by the US
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Regions I and II,
and the US Army Corps of Engineers(ACE), New England and
New York Districts. An EIS assesses the potential
environmental impact of a proposed action. In this case,
the proposed action is the designation of one or more
disposal sites in Long Island Sound for dredged
material.
During the EIS process,
EPA and the ACE have continued to solicit public input.
To date there have been a series of meetings and
workshops: three Public Scoping meetings were held in
June 1999; two workshops were held in October 1999; and
two workshops were held in April 2000.
The April workshop in Port
Jefferson, NY, and Groton, CT, presented the building
blocks for the EIS which were developed after the
October 1999 workshops. The building blocks are the Work
Plan, Field Work, and Evaluation of Alternatives. Three
factsheets were produced, EIS Work Plan and Process,
Field Work for Open Water Sites, and Evaluation
of Disposal Alternatives.
EPA and ACE solicited
April workshop participants to join a Working Group for
input on the selection of alternatives and ultimately
the screening and selection of sites for analysis in the
EIS. This Working Group of 35 people met in Old Lyme, CT
on Wednesday, July 19, 2000. The full day meeting
consisted of an hour‑long presentation and discussion by
EPA, ACE, and members of the working group, on the
environmental and economic approach for the EIS.
EPA and ACE field to date
February: the vessel Isabelle collected
approximately 1000 sediment samples and tested for
chemistry, toxicity, and biology.
June: fish trawling with the CTDEP for tissue
analysis and fishery resource data.
July: two surveys, one aboard the Anderson
collected benthic invertebrates for community sampling
and analysis, and the other on the Isabelle
collected benthic organisms for tissue analysis.
September: sampling is expected with the CT DEP fish
trawl for tissue analysis and fishery data.
Information on this
project can be found at the www.epa.gov/region01/eco/lisdreg/
If you would like to be
placed on the Long Island Sound Environmental Impact
Statement mailing list, give comments, or would like
more information please contact: Ann Rodney, US EPA ‑
Region I, One Congress Street, Suite 1100, CWQ, Boston,
MA 02114‑2023, 617. 918.1538, fax 617.918.1505,
rodney.ann@epa.gov
Indicator web sites of interest
Chesapeake Bay ‑ www.chesapeakebay.net/pubs/sob/index.html
The
report describes the health of the Chesapeake Bay, its
tributaries, habitats, and the creatures that call the
Bay home and highlights the most challenging issues the
program faces as Bay managers begin to set restoration
goals beyond 2000.
Great Lakes ‑ www.epa.gov/glnpo/glindicators/proposal.html
The
State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conference (SOLEC) is one
of the principal reporting mechanisms on the state of
the Great Lakes and on progress toward the goals of the
Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA). The first
two conferences reviewed the state of various components
of the Great Lakes ecosystem through the use of
indicators and a subjective assessment of “good”,
“fair”, “improving”, etc. To continue SOLEC, indicators
were identified that objectively represent the state of
major ecosystem components across all Great Lakes
basins.
Puget Sound ‑ www.wa.gov/puget_sound/Publications/pshealth2000/index.html
The
second Puget Sound Water Quality Action Team’s report on
key indicators of Puget Sound’s health was prepared in
response to the Washington State Legislature’s request
to evaluate efforts to protect Puget Sound. The report
includes updated information on the 12 indicators
originally presented as well as five new indicators.
LIS Research Funded
The EPA‑Long Island Sound
Office/New York Sea Grant/Connecticut Sea Grant
Partnership for Long Island Sound environmental research
has announced the three recipients of grants supporting
research aimed at improving the understanding of the
natural and human processes that govern the quality of
Long Island Sound.
Dr. Richard French was
awarded $98,097 to support the first year of his
research, Assessment of the Causes and Extent of
Morbidity and Mortality of American Lobster (Homarus
americanus) in Long Island Sound. Dr. Johan Varekamp
will receive $75,909 to conduct research over a two‑year
period on the Environmental Changes in Long Island
Sound Over the Last 400 Years. Dr. Sergio Sanudo‑Wilhelmy
was awarded $122,518 to research Trace Metals,
Organic Carbon, and Inorganic Nutrients in the Surface
Waters of the Sound: Sources, Cycling, and Effects on
Phytoplankton Growth.
$5,000
Grants and Grant Writing Work Shops
For the seventh
consecutive year, the Long Island Sound Study is seeking
proposals for projects, programs, or publications to
educate and involve the public in the protection and
restoration of the water quality and habitat of Long
Island Sound and its watershed.
Past projects include
curriculum for school teachers, production of a series
of posters on controlling nonpoint source pollution, a
Sound‑wide Beach Clean Up, and summer programs for
children from low‑income families. So far, $212,450 in
grants has funded 58 projects in New York and
Connecticut. Non‑profit organizations, local governments
or public agencies, private businesses, educational
institutions, and classroom teachers can apply.
Proposals must be postmarked by October 6, 2000. The
maximum funding for each proposal is $5,000.
Grant‑writing workshops
will be held to guide applicants through the proposal
process. They are scheduled from 7:00‑9:00 pm at Marine
Science Research Center at SUNY Stony Brook, September
11 and Stamford Government Center, September 12. Contact
Kimberly Zimmer (631.632.9216, or ksz1@cornell.edu) for
more information and to reserve a space at a workshop.
2000
Biennial Long Island Sound Research Conference
A Long Island Sound
Research Conference will be held, November 17 and 18 at
the University of Connecticut, Stamford. Researchers
from all disciplines, locations, and organizations will
come together to discuss their work.
Individuals involved in
research on Long Island Sound should plan to attend the
conference and poster session. Topics include: marine
ecosystem status, historical trends/indicators,
sediments/dredging, nonpoint source pollution,
monitoring, and aquaculture. For more information on the
conference, contact Barbara Mahoney at (860) 405‑9151,
barbara.mahoney@uconn.edu or visit
www.lisfoundation.org/lisrconf_2000.html
CALENDAR
September 11and 12 Small Grants workshop, 7‑9pm, in
Stony Brook and Stamford, contact Kimberly Zimmer
631.632.9216
September 14 CAC meeting, NYC, contact Joe Salata
203.977.1541
September 16 International Beach Cleanup, in CT
contact Peg VanPatten 860.405.9141 and in NY contact
Barbara Cohen at 718.471.2166
September 19‑20 National Environmental Technology
Conference in Boston, for more information visit
www.epa.gov/region01/ra/empact/conference/index.html
September 27 Policy Committee Meeting, Stamford,
contact Joe Salata 203.977.1541
September 30 National Estuaries Day
October 6 Small Grants Deadline
October 19 Management Committee Meeting, Stamford,
contact Joe Salata 203.977.1541
December 14 CAC meeting, contact Joe Salata
United
States Environmental Protection Agency
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